Your cholesterol report, explained line by line

Total cholesterol

This is the sum of all cholesterol in your blood. It is a useful starting point, but on its own it does not tell the full story. Two people with the same total can have very different risk depending on how it is made up.

LDL — the number that matters most

LDL cholesterol deposits in artery walls and forms the plaques that cause heart attacks. For most healthy adults, an LDL below 100 mg/dL is desirable. For people with diabetes, previous heart disease or stents, cardiologists usually aim much lower — often below 70 or even 55 mg/dL.

HDL — the protective cholesterol

HDL helps carry cholesterol away from the arteries. Levels above 40 mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women are generally favourable. Regular exercise and stopping smoking can raise HDL.

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are fats that rise with sugar, refined flour, fried food and excess weight. Ideally they should be below 150 mg/dL. Very high levels are common in South Asians with diabetes.

Next steps after your report

Fast for 9–12 hours before the test unless your doctor says otherwise. If your numbers are high, the plan usually combines diet changes, activity and — for many people — a statin medicine.

• Repeat the test every 6–12 months if on treatment
• Do not stop statins on your own if numbers improve
• Ask for your 10-year heart risk score, not just the numbers